Speech Disorders

Common speech disorders in adults are the following:

• Apraxia: With apraxia of speech, the messages do not get through correctly due to brain damage. You might not be able to move your lips or tongue the right way to say sounds or speak at all.
• Dysarthria: Muscle weakness in the mouth
• Stuttering: People who stutter may have more disfluencies and different types of disfluencies. They may repeat parts of words (repetitions), stretch a sound out for a long time (prolongations), or have a hard time getting a word out (blocks). Stuttering may also include tension and negative feelings about talking.
• Voice: 

1. Organic—physiological voice disorders that result from alterations in respiratory, laryngeal, or vocal tract mechanisms.
-Structural—organic voice disorders that result from physical changes in the vocal mechanism, such asalterations in vocal fold tissues (e.g., edema or vocal nodules) and/or
structural changes in the larynx due to aging.
-Neurogenic—organic voice disorders that result from problems with the central or peripheral nervous system innervation to the larynx that affect functioning of the vocal mechanism, such asvocal tremor,
spasmodic dysphonia, or
vocal fold paralysis.
2. Functional—voice disorders that result from inefficient use of the vocal mechanism when the physical structure is normal, such asvocal fatigue,
muscle tension dysphonia or aphonia, diplophonia, or ventricular phonation.

https://www.asha.org/public/speech/disorders/adultsandl/